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What types of information do studies in oral epidemiology provide?

A. The data is used to identify populations at risk of oral disease.B. The data compare regional similarities.C. The data compare differences in dental care between populations.D. All of the above.

What is the correct term for the proportion of individuals with a disease in a population at a specific point in time?

A. IncidenceB. PrevalenceC. TrendD. Index

What is the correct term for the changes in prevalence or incidence of disease with respect to time, location, or socioeconomics?

A. ValidityB. OrdinalC. TrendD. Index

All of the followings are types of measurement scales for indices except:

A. OrdinalB. MeanC. IntervalD. Reversible

An index must be designed to measure the aspect of disease it is intended to measure, corresponding to the clinical stages of the disease. This statement defines which of the following terms?

A. QuantifiabilityB. ReliabilityC. ObjectivityD. Validity

Which of the following is true about the DMF index?

A. It is expressed as the total number of teeth or surfaces that are decayed, missing, or filled.B. It is expressed only as the total number of teeth that are decayed, missing, or filled.C. It is applied to permanent and primary dentition.D. It is a new measure of caries experience.

What is the score range of the DMFS index?

A. 0 to 20B. 0 to 28 or 32C. 0 to 128 or 148D. 0 to 88

Which index calculates the number of surfaces that are decayed, missing, or filled in primary dentition?

A. DMFSB. dmftC. dmfsD. DMFT

Which of the following are types of teeth not counted in calculating DMFT and DMFS?

A. Unerupted teethB. Congenitally missing teethC. Supernumerary teethD. All of the above

Which of the following is a limitation of DMF indices?

A. They do not account for sealed teeth.B. They only count five surfaces on the posterior teeth.C. They do not count unerupted teeth as missing.D. They count a defective filling as an F.

What types of oral health data was collected with the NHANES surveys?

A. Dental historyB. Periodontal statusC. CariesD. All of the above.

Which statistic accurately reflects the percentage of caries-free children in 1999-2004?

A. 21.8% of children aged 2 to 5 are caries-free.B. 75.8% of children aged 2 to 5 are caries-free.C. 28% of children aged 6 to 11 are caries-free.D. 50.1% of children aged 12 to 15 are caries-free.

Which of the following statements about the findings of the NHANES survey with regards to dental caries in children is true?

A. Caries prevalence differs significantly based on gender.B. There are no differences in caries prevalence based on race.C. Untreated decay is highest in children living below the federal poverty line (FPL).D. The prevalence of untreated decay rose significantly between 1988–1994 and 1998–2004.

Which of the following is an important gender difference in caries epidemiology?

A. Men are less likely to have caries on occlusal surfaces of teeth.B. Men tend to have more caries on the facial surfaces of teeth.C. Women and men have an equal prevalence of coronal and root caries.D. Men have a higher prevalence of root caries.

Which of the followings is a likely reason for women to have higher DMF scores?

A. Female hormones make them more susceptible to caries.B. Women seek dental care more frequently than men.C. Women tend to not take good enough care of their teeth.D. Women experience later tooth eruption patterns.

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Caries Process and Prevention Strategies: Epidemiology
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