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True four‑handed dentistry is the _______________.

A. use of a dental assistant together with the dentistB. concept of skilled dental professionals working together in an ergonomically designed environment to improve productivity, quality of care, and physical well-being of the operating teamC. use of faster techniques to cut down on chair timeD. use of the latest equipment using microscopes

To practice true four‑handed dentistry, all of the following criteria must be met EXCEPT:

A. The operating team and patient are seated comfortably in ergonomically designed equipment.B. Motion economy is practiced.C. Preset cassettes/trays are utilized.D. The dentist is in charge of all instrument transfers.

Considering the five categories of motion classification, a Class III motion is when _______________.

A. the entire arm and shoulder as when reaching into a supply tubB. fingers and wrist motion as used when transferring an instrument to the operatorC. movement of the fingers only as when picking up a cotton rollD. fingers, wrist, and elbow are used, as when reaching for a handpieceE. the entire torso as when turning around to reach for equipment from the fixed cabinetry

The zones of activity in four‑handed dentistry include all of the following EXCEPT:

A. The operator's zone.B. The activity target zone.C. The assistant's zone.D. The transfer zone.E. The static zone.

The zones of activity that should be avoided to decrease stress during chairside procedures are ____________.

A. I and IIB. II and IIIC. IV and V

Strategies for the operator/dentist in four‑handed dentistry include all of the statements listed below EXCEPT:

A. Confining eye focus to the field of operation.B. Avoid twisting and turning to reach instruments.C. Always provide distinct verbal instructions for each instrument exchange.D. Use non-verbal signals to indicate instrument transfers.E. Confine arm and hand movement to the transfer zone.

Strategies for the dental assistant in four‑handed dentistry include:

A. Maintaining the order of both dental instruments and materials according to their sequence of use.B. Developing a thorough understanding of the procedure, recognize the patient's needs, anticipate the operator's need, and recognize any change in the procedure.C. Working with the operator to establish and follow a safe, standardized, and predictable instrument transfer protocol.D. All of the above.E. None of the above.

If one moved the entire torso to reach for an instrument on the counter, this would be a motion classified as ____________.

A. Class IB. Class IIC. Class IIID. Class IVE. Class V

The team must be aware of each other’s needs, recognize the need to reposition the patient and operating team, as necessary to reduce strain, improve access and visibility, and reduce unnecessary movement by transferring instruments only within the transfer zone.

A. TrueB. False

Some of the excuses for not practicing ergonomic dentistry are _______________.

A. "It would be a major change in our routine."B. "We are already exhausted and our time is saturated with so much technology now."C. "How do I know we won’t be worse off than we are now?"D. "I know this equipment and I will lose control if we have to change."E. All of the above.

The operator’s zone for a right-handed operator extends from 7 to 12 o’clock, the assistant’s zone from 12 to 3 o’clock, the instrument transfer zone from 4 to 7 o’clock, and the static zone from 12 to 2 o’clock.

A. TrueB. False

When using a microscope the dentist is able to sit at which position and maintain good vision while moving the patient’s head into the path of vision?

A. 7 o'clockB. 11 o'clockC. 12 o'clockD. 2 o'clock

Suggestions for conserving motion in dentistry include:

A. Decrease the number of instruments used for a procedure by maximizing the use of each one for multiple functions.B. Place the patient in a supine position.C. Provide work areas that are 1 to 3 inches below the elbow.D. Reduce the length and number of motions made by the operator and the dental assistant to accomplish routine and repetitive tasks.E. All of the above.F. None of the above.

The computer keyboard should be 1-3 inches below elbow height.

A. TrueB. False

The principles of motion economy practiced in the treatment room can also be applied to the dental business office.

A. TrueB. False

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Increasing Productivity by Effective Use of Four-Handed Dentistry - Part 1: An Overview of the Concept
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