Which of the following is the most prevalent and costly orthopedic problem in society?
A. Neck pain
B. Shoulder pain
C. Low back pain
D. Hand/wrist pain
E. Hip pain
Which of the following is the most common cause of job related disability?
A. Injuries from repetitive motion
B. Injuries from falling
C. Shoulder pain
D. Low back pain
E. None of the above.
Which federal agency is responsible for research on safe working conditions?
A. Health Resources and Services Agency
B. Environmental Protection Agency
C. Department of Labor
D. National Institute on Occupational Safety and Health
E. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
Our knowledge of MSDs in the dental workforce is based on data from ____________.
A. ADA
B. ADHA
C. NIOSH
D. Department of Labor
E. Multiple small studies
Which of the following is the most frequently cited risk factor in dentistry?
A. Posture
B. Mechanical stresses
C. Vibration
D. Repetition
E. Cold temperature
Strained sitting positions are associated with which of the following?
A. Bending/slouching
B. Head tilting
C. Torso twisting
D. Tipping shoulders
E. All of the above.
There is no increase in intra-discal pressure in sitting as compared to standing.
A. True
B. False
The inactivity associated with sitting may contribute to disc degeneration and disc herniation.
A. True
B. False
Which of the following statements are true?
A. The position of the thoracic spine drives the position of the head.
B. A flexed thoracic spine results is an increase in lower cervical flexion.
C. A forward rotation of the pelvis results in a widening of the lumbar intervertebral discs.
D. A and B
E. B and C
The spine has three curves. The proper notation of these curves is which of the following:
A. Cervical kyphosis, thoracic lordosis, and lumbo-sacral lordosis.
B. Cervical lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, and lumbar kyphosis.
C. Cervical lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, and lumbar lordosis.
D. Cervical extension, thoracic kyphosis, and lumbar extension.
E. None of the above.
The purpose of the intervertebral disc is to:
A. Provide shock absorption.
B. Provide nutrition to the vertebral endplates.
C. Occupy space between 2 vertebrae and block the intervertebral foreman.
D. A and B
E. A, B and C
Which of the following factors can result in disc degeneration?
A. Improper body mechanics
B. Trauma
C. Age
D. Genetics
E. All of the above.
A herniated disc is most commonly found in what age group?
A. 35-45 years of age.
B. 20-40 years of age.
C. 50-70 years of age.
D. Extremely common in all age groups.
E. A very rare occurrence for professionals who sit.
Osteophytosis is most commonly found in what age group?
A. 35-45 years of age.
B. 20-40 years of age.
C. 50-70 years of age.
D. Extremely common in all age groups.
E. A very rare occurrence for professionals who sit.
The primary lumbar spine stabilizing muscles are the:
A. Internal and external obliques
B. Multifidi and transverse abdominis
C. Multifidi and rectus abdominis
D. Gluteus maximus and medius
E. None of the above.
In a structurally stable sitting position, what structures are the weight-bearing structures of the spine?
A. Muscles and interspinous ligaments.
B. Facet joints and vertebral bodies.
C. Vertebral bodies.
D. Intervertebral disc and the vertebral bodies.
What 3 instructions can assist with finding a stable sitting alignment?
A. Sit up straight, stomach in, chest out.
B. Relax your back, tuck your chin.
C. Sit tall, shoulders down/back and hinge forward.
D. Tailbone up, shoulders down/back and stomach in.
E. Tailbone up, chest out, tuck your chin.
What direction must the pelvis rotate when sitting in a slouched position to assume a stable alignment?
A. Up
B. Posterior
C. Medially
D. Anterior
E. B & D
Disc degeneration and degenerative processes are most common at what cervical level(s)?
A. C1-C2
B. C1-C3
C. C4-C5
D. C4-C7
E. C6-T3
Which position results in the highest disc pressure:
A. Sitting, leaning forward without weight
B. Side lying
C. Sitting upright
D. Standing, leaning forward without weight
