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White Plaques on the Cheeks

Case Challenge Number: 75

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Diagnostic References

  1. Neville BW, Damm DD, Allen CM, et al. Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology. 4th ed. St. Louis, MO. Elsevier. 2016.

  2. Jones KB, Jordan R. White lesions in the oral cavity: clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2015 Dec;34(4):161-70. doi: 10.12788/j.sder.2015.0180.

  3. Canaan TJ, Meehan SC. Variations of structure and appearance of the oral mucosa. Dent Clin North Am. 2005 Jan;49(1):1-14, vii. doi: 10.1016/j.cden.2004.07.002.

  4. Martin JL. Leukoedema: an epidemiological study in white and African Americans. J Tenn Dent Assoc. 1997 Jan;77(1):18-21.

  5. Nico MM, Hammerschmidt M, Lourenço SV. Oral mucosal manifestations in some genodermatoses: correlation with cutaneous lesions. Eur J Dermatol. 2013 Sep-Oct;23(5):581-91. doi: 10.1684/ejd.2013.2073.

  6. Ballew BJ, Savage SA. Updates on the biology and management of dyskeratosis congenita and related telomere biology disorders. Expert Rev Hematol. 2013 Jun;6(3):327-37. doi: 10.1586/ehm.13.23.

  7. Gramatges MM, Bertuch AA. Short telomeres: from dyskeratosis congenita to sporadic aplastic anemia and malignancy. Transl Res. 2013 Dec;162(6):353-63. doi: 10.1016/j.trsl.2013.05.003. Epub 2013 Jun 1.

  8. Gupta V, Kumar A. Dyskeratosis congenita. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2010;685:215-9.

  9. Bumbăcea RS, Mihai MM, Orzan OA, et al. Familial Case of White Sponge Nevus - Diagnosis and Therapeutical Challenges. Acta Dermatovenerol Croat. 2015;23(3):228-32.

  10. Cai W, Jiang B, Yu F, et al. Current approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of white sponge nevus. Expert Rev Mol Med. 2015 May 29;17:e9. doi: 10.1017/erm.2015.7.

  11. Samatha Y, Kiran AR, Sankar AJ, et al. Familial white sponge nevus of the oral mucosa: report of occurrence in three generations. Quintessence Int. 2012 Apr;43(4):319-23.

  12. O'Toole EA, Kaspar RL, Sprecher E, et al. Pachyonychia congenita cornered: report on the 11th Annual International Pachyonychia Congenita Consortium Meeting. Br J Dermatol. 2014 Nov;171(5):974-7. doi: 10.1111/bjd.13341. Epub 2014 Oct 15.

  13. Shah S, Boen M, Kenner-Bell B, et al. Pachyonychia congenita in pediatric patients: natural history, features, and impact. JAMA Dermatol. 2014 Feb;150(2):146-53. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2013.6448.

  14. McLean WH, Hansen CD, Eliason MJ, et al. The phenotypic and molecular genetic features of pachyonychia congenita. J Invest Dermatol. 2011 May;131(5):1015-7. doi: 10.1038/jid.2011.59. Epub 2011 Mar 24.

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