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Sports-Related Dental Injuries and Sports Dentistry

Course Number: 127

References / Additional Resources

  1. Olin WH. Dentistry and sport. Meeting the needs of our patients. J Am Dent Assoc. 1996 Jun;127(6):809-18.

  2. Smith C. The Sporting Life. AGD Impact, 1989:4-8.

  3. Elliott MA. Professional responsibility in sports dentistry. Dent Clin North Am. 1991 Oct;35(4):831-40.

  4. Kumamoto DP. Sports dentistry at the state level. J Am Dent Assoc. 1996 Jun;127(6):816. Accessed July 21, 2020.

  5. Koch T, Moavenian N, Parker J, et al. The Use of Mouthguards in High School Contact Sports. U of M School of Dentistry, Class of 1996. Medline Site.

  6. Flanders RA, Bhat M. The incidence of orofacial injuries in sports: a pilot study in Illinois. J Am Dent Assoc. 1995 Apr;126(4):491-6.

  7. Soporowski NJ, Tesini DA, Weiss AI. Survey of orofacial sports-related injuries. J Mass Dent Soc. 1994 Fall;43(4):16-20.

  8. Morrow RM, Kuebker WA. Sports dentistry: a new role. Dent Sch Q. 1986;2(2):11-3.

  9. Glassman M. The first line of defense. N Y State Dent J. 1995 Aug-Sep;61(7):48-50.

  10. Crow RW. Diagnosis and management of sports-related injuries to the face. Dent Clin North Am. 1991 Oct;35(4):719-32.

  11. Guyette RF. Facial injuries in basketball players. Clin Sports Med. 1993 Apr;12(2):247-64.

  12. Padilla R, Balikov S. Sports dentistry: coming of age in the '90s. J Calif Dent Assoc. 1993 Apr;21(4):27-34, 36-7.

  13. Linn EW, Vrijhoef MM, de Wijn JR, et al. Facial injuries sustained during sports and games. J Maxillofac Surg. 1986 Apr;14(2):83-8.

  14. Camp JH. Diagnosis and management of sports-related injuries to the teeth. Dent Clin North Am. 1991 Oct;35(4):733-56.

  15. Nowjack-Raymer RE, Gift HC. Use of mouthguards and headgear in organized sports by school-aged children. Public Health Rep. 1996 Jan-Feb;111(1):82-6.

  16. Glik D, Kronenfeld J, Jackson K. Predictors of risk perceptions of childhood injury among parents of preschoolers. Health Educ Q. 1991 Fall;18(3):285-301.

  17. Ranalli DN, Lancaster DM. Attitudes of college football officials regarding NCAA mouthguard regulations and player compliance. J Public Health Dent. 1993 Spring;53(2):96-100.

  18. DeYoung A, Godwin W, Robinson E. Comparison of comfort and wearability factors of boil-and-bite and custom mouthguards. Abstract 1390. J Dent Res, 1993;72:277.

  19. Winters JE. Sports dentistry, the profession's role in athletics. J Dent Am Assoc. 1996 Jun;127(6):810-11. Accessed July 21, 2020.

  20. Kopp BP. All mouthguards are not created equal. Laboratory Digest, Fall, 1996:1.

  21. Powers JM, Godwin WC, Heintz WD. Mouth protectors and sports team dentists. Bureau of Health Education and Audiovisual Services, Council on Dental Materials, Instruments, and Equipment. J Am Dent Assoc. 1984 Jul;109(1):84-7.

  22. Kerr IL. Mouth guards for the prevention of injuries in contact sports. Sports Med. 1986 Nov-Dec;3(6):415-27.

  23. Flanders RA. Mouthguards and sports injuries. Ill Dent J. 1993 Jan-Feb;62(1):13-6.

  24. McCarthy MF. Sports and mouth protection. Gen Dent. 1990 Sep-Oct;38(5):343-6.

  25. Padilla RR. Sports in daily practice. J Dent Am Assoc. 1996 Jun;127(6):815-17. Accessed July 21, 2020.

  26. For the dental patient. The importance of using mouthguards. Tips for keeping your smile safe. J Am Dent Assoc. 2004 Jul;135(7):1061.

  27. American Dental Association. Oral Health Topics: Mouthguards, updated March 27, 2019. Accessed July 21, 2020.

  28. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry Clinical Affairs Committee, American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry Council on Clinical Affairs. Policy on prevention of sports-related orofacial injuries. Pediatr Dent. 2005-2006;27(7 Suppl):45.

  29. Tesini DA, Soporowski NJ. Epidemiology of orofacial sports-related injuries. Dent Clin North Am. 2000 Jan;44(1):1-18, v.

  30. Kumamoto D, Maeda Y. Global trends and epidemiology of sports injuries. J Pediatr Dent Care.2005;11:15–25.

  31. Kumamoto DP, Maeda Y. A literature review of sports-related orofacial trauma. Gen Dent. 2004 May-Jun;52(3):270-80; quiz 281.

  32. Mills S. Can we mandate prevention? J Pediatr Dent Care 2005;11(2):7-8.

  33. Academy for Sports Dentistry. Emergency treatment of athletic dental injuries - Treatment cards. Accessed April 19, 2017.

  34. Rapisura KP, Coburn JW, Brown LE, et al. Physiological variables and mouthguard use in women during exercise. J Strength Cond Res. 2010 May;24(5):1263-8. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181d1572d.

  35. Ranalli DN. Dental injuries in sports. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2005 Feb;4(1):12-7.

  36. ADA Council on Access, Prevention and Interprofessional Relations; ADA Council on Scientific Affairs. Using mouthguards to reduce the incidence and severity of sports-related oral injuries. J Am Dent Assoc. 2006 Dec;137(12):1712-20; quiz 1731.

  37. Cohenca N, Roges RA, Roges R. The incidence and severity of dental trauma in intercollegiate athletes. J Am Dent Assoc. 2007 Aug;138(8):1121-6.

  38. Academy for Sports Dentistry. Position statements - A properly fitted mouthguard. Accessed July 21, 2020.

  39. Padilla R. Twenty-fifth Annual Symposium of the Academy for Sports Dentistry, 2006.

  40. Park et al, Methods of improved mouthguards. First. International Symposium on Biomaterials, Taejon, Korea. August 1993.

  41. Powers JM, Godwin WC, Heintz WD. Mouth protectors and sports team dentists. Bureau of Health Education and Audiovisual Services, Council on Dental Materials, Instruments, and Equipment. J Am Dent Assoc. 1984 Jul;109(1):84-7.

  42. Andreasen JO, Andreasen FM, Andersson L. Textbook and color atlas of traumatic injuries to the teeth, 4th ed. Hoboken, NJ. Wiley.2013:444-488.

  43. Play it Safe: Prevent Facial Injuries with Simple Sports Safety Precautions. American Dental Association (ADA). April 2013. Accessed November 17, 2021.

  44. American Association of Orthodontists. Protective Sports Gear Survey. Reported by the American Dental Association. April 2013. Accessed July 21, 2020.

  45. Rodd HD, Chesham DJ. Sports-related oral injury and mouthguard use among Sheffield school children. Community Dent Health. 1997 Mar;14(1):25-30.

  46. ADA Council on Access, Prevention and Interprofessional Relations; ADA Council on Scientific Affairs. Using mouthguards to reduce the incidence and severity of sports-related oral injuries. J Am Dent Assoc. 2006 Dec;137(12):1712-20; quiz 1731.

  47. Stewart GB, Shields BJ, Fields S, et al. Consumer products and activities associated with dental injuries to children treated in United States emergency departments, 1990-2003. Dent Traumatol. 2009 Aug;25(4):399-405. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-9657.2009.00800.x.

  48. Ranalli DN. Prevention of sports-related traumatic dental injuries. Dent Clin North Am. 2000 Jan;44(1):35-51, v-vi.

  49. Finoff JT, Laskowski ER, Altman KC, et al. Barriers to bicycle helmet use. Pediatrics. 2001 Jul;108(1):E4.

  50. Fasciglione D, Persic R, Pohl Y, et al. Dental injuries in inline skating - level of information and prevention. Dent Traumatol. 2007 Jun;23(3):143-8.

  51. American Dental Association. ADA approves first Seal of Acceptance for sports mouthguard. Nov 2, 2015. Accessed November 17, 2021.

  52. American Dental Association. ADA approves first seal of acceptance for sports mouthguard. Nov 2, 2015. Accessed November 17, 2021.

  53. Collins CL, McKenzie LB, Ferketich AK, et al. Dental injuries sustained by high school athletes in the United States, from 2008/2009 through 2013/2014 academic years. Dent Traumatol. 2016 Apr;32(2):121-7. doi: 10.1111/edt.12228. Epub 2015 Sep 26.

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Additional Resources

  • See the Academy for Sports Dentistry website for  specific emergency treatment instructions.  .

  • The website of the International Association of Dental Traumatology, has a Dental Trauma Guide.  

  • Organizations such as the Academy for Sports Dentistry, founded in 1983, contribute to overall efforts to eliminate dental injuries in sporting activities. The ASD conducts educational programs, publishes a biannual newsletter, offers an annual symposium for dentists and other health professionals interested in trauma and preventive therapy, and promotes legislative efforts and encourages research in all dentally-related sports issues.

  • The American Dental Association’s sports safety brochure, co-produced with the Academy of Sports Dentistry is available through the ADA Catalog. The brochure includes the importance of custom mouthguards, lists sports and active games when a mouthguard should be used, and tips as to what patients should do during a dental emergency.