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Caries Process, Prevention, and Management: Demineralization/Remineralization

COURSE NUMBER: 714

Marcelle M. Nascimento, DDS, MS, PhD

Credit Hours:

2 Hour(s)

PDF

This is part 5 of a 10-part series entitled Caries Process, Prevention, and Management. In this course, the dynamic process of demineralization and remineralization is discussed, paying particular attention to tooth hard tissue structure, t...

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Overview

This is part 5 of a 10-part series entitled Caries Process, Prevention, and Management. In this course, the dynamic process of demineralization and remineralization is discussed, paying particular attention to tooth hard tissue structure, the role of acid production by cariogenic bacteria, and the critical pH at which tooth enamel begins to dissolve, typically around pH 5.5. The role of acid-neutralizing bacteria, saliva's buffering capacity, and fluoride in tooth hard tissue remineralization will also be explained.


Caries is characterized by the progressive chemical dissolution of the hard tooth structures - enamel and dentin - by the acid produced when the bacteria in dental plaque ferment carbohydrates. The development of caries is dependent on the interplay between processes that cause demineralization of tooth enamel, and those which cause remineralization. Only when factors favor a sustained acidic environment, typically below a critical pH threshold, does the dissolution of enamel exceed the remineralization process, leading to caries formation.

  • Intended Audience:

    Dentists, Dental Hygienists, Dental Assistants, Dental Students, Dental Hygiene Students, Dental Assisting Students

  • Date Course Online:

    Jun 30, 2025

  • Last Revision Date:

    NA

  • Course Expiration Date:

    Jun 29, 2028

  • Cost:

    Free

  • Method:

    Self-instructional

  • AGD Subject Code(s):

    10

  • Technical Requirements:

    Stable internet connection and the latest version of browser and device software are recommended.

Learning Objectives

Upon the completion of this course, the dental professional should be able to:


  • Explain the differences in how tooth enamel and dentin structure are affected by demineralization.
  • Describe the role of bacterial acid production in the demineralization process.
  • Understand the concept of critical pH and its relationship to the onset of demineralization.
  • Identify the five zones of carious dentin in an advanced lesion.
  • Discuss how demineralization impacts different populations, including young children, the elderly, and other special populations.
  • Be familiar with the factors that promote remineralization and their role in caries prevention.

Disclaimers

  • P&G is providing these resource materials to dental professionals. We do not own this content nor are we responsible for any material herein.
  • Participants must always be aware of the hazards of using limited knowledge in integrating new techniques or procedures into their practice.  Only sound evidence-based dentistry should be used in patient therapy.

Note:  Registration is required to take test.

Author(s)

Acknowledgement

We would like to thank Dr. Susan Higham, Dr. Chris Hope, Dr. Sabeel Valappil, and Dr. Phil Smith for providing foundational content for their contributions to previous versions of a similar course.

Conflict of Interest Disclosure Statement

  • Dr. Nascimento reports no conflicts of interest associated with this course. She has no relevant financial relationships to disclose.

Dr. Marcelle Nascimento is a Professor of Restorative Dentistry, serving as the Director of Cariology and Assistant Dean for Clinical Research at the University at Buffalo (UB) School of Dental Medicine since May 2024. Holding DDS, MS, and P...

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Submission Information

Academy of General Dentistry (AGD) Submission For credit transfers to appear in your AGD account in real time, make sure to add your AGD membership number in the field provided on the “Share Your Test Score” page.


CE Broker For all states that use CE Broker for licensure, “proof of completions” are electronically reported the first of every month. If a course was taken in November, the “proof of completion” will be submitted the beginning of December.

Recognition

AGD Pace Logo

Approved PACE Program Provider

THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY


Nationally Approved PACE Program Provider for FAGD/MAGD credit.

Approval does not imply acceptance by any regulatory authority or AGD endorsement.


8/1/2021 to 7/31/2027

Provider ID# 211886

AADH Logo

AADH Approved Program Provider

Procter & Gamble is designated as an approved Provider by the American Academy of Dental Hygiene, Inc. #AADHPGC (January 1, 2024-December 31, 2025). Approval does not imply acceptance by a state or provincial Board of Dentistry. Licensee should maintain this document in the event of an audit.