Digital Imaging in Dentistry: Intraoral, Extraoral, and 3D Technology
Two-dimensional Extraoral Digital Imaging

There are many digital panoramic and cephalometric digital imaging systems available. As with intraoral digital imaging, extraoral digital imaging requires less radiation to the patient. Current panoramic digital imaging technology has improved by expanding the focal trough and narrowing collimation, allowing better anterior image quality compared to the traditional panoramic imaging (Figures 27-28). Two-dimensional digital systems provide detailed panoramic and cephalometric images, including sectional imaging of specific areas of the patient. Most 2D imaging software provides an implant planning library, length and angle measurements, calibrated measurements based on reference markers, text annotation, and freehand and shape drawing for patient education.