Hyperventilation (Table 7) is characterized by anxiety-related dyspnea and tachypnea. Cerebral hypoxia leads to prolonged inspiration (i.e., deep sighs), which result in low CO2 concentration and elevated arterial pH (respiratory alkalosis). Hyperventilation syndrome is common in young women. Predisposing factors include pain, and personal and environmental stress. Other causes include cardiopulmonary disease (e.g., cardiogenic shock, COPD, pulmonary edema), and central nervous system stimulants (e.g., drugs, cola, coffee, tea).
Prevention:
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Signs and symptoms:
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Emergency response:
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Nota bene:
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