Biological Effects of Radiation
Conclusion

Ionizing radiation generates free radicals. Free radicals interact with biological tissues, most importantly DNA. The severity of radiation-induced damages depends on the sensitivity of the cell and the type and dose of radiation. The DNA damage can be repaired but there are deterministic effects that can be visible over a short-term period and over a long-term period. Late somatic effect may manifest as malignancy and other genetic mutations.