Hyperglycemia appears to be a key factor in the long-term complications associated with diabetes (Table 2). The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT), Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) study, and the U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) demonstrated the need to aim for near normal glucose levels or normoglycemia in order to delay or minimize chronic complications (Table 3).
Microvascular | Macrovascular |
---|---|
Periodontal disease | Cardiovascular disease |
Neuropathy | Angina |
Retinopathy | Myocardial infarction |
Retinopathy | Dyslipidemias |
Hypertension | |
Cerebral vascular | |
Cerebral vascular |
Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT), 1993
|
Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC), 2000
|
United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS), 1998
|
Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP), 2000
|
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