Head and Neck Anatomy: Part III – Cranial Nerves
Course Number: 598
Course Contents
Summary
The best way to summarize the cranial nerves is with a table showing the major attributes of each.
ce598 - PDF - Cranial Nerve Summary Table| Cranial Nerve | Types of Fibers | Passages Traversed | Major Branches |
|---|---|---|---|
| I - Olfactory | special sensory - smell | olfactory foramina | none |
| II - Optic | special sensory - vision | optic canal | none |
| III - Oculomotor | somatic motor - eye muscles visceral motor - iris and ciliary muscles | superior orbital fissure | none |
| IV - Trochlear | somatic motor - superior oblique muscle | superior orbital fissure | none |
| V - Trigeminal V1 - Ophthalmic | general sensory - eyes, upper portion of face, nose and philtrum of the lip | superior orbital fissure | none |
| V - Trigeminal V2 - Maxillary | general sensory - midface including tissues of oral cavity associated with the maxilla | foramen rotundum inferior orbital fissure infraorbital foramen (as infraorbital nerve) | greater palatal lesser palatal zygomatic posterior superior alveolar infraorbital middle superior alveolar anterior superior alveolar |
| V - Trigeminal V3 - Mandibular | general sensory - lower face following the mandible including oral structures in the lower jaw and the tongue Somatic motor - muscles of mastication, tensor veli palatini, anterior belly of the digastric. tensor tympani and the mylohyoid | foramen ovale mandibular foramen mandibular canal (as inferior alveolar) mental foramen (as mental - a branch of the inferior alveolar) | muscular branches lingual inferior alveolar mental incisive |
| VI - Abducens | somatic motor - lateral rectus muscle | superior orbital fissure | none |
| VII - Facial | somatic motor - muscles of facial expression, stylohyoid, posterior belly of the digastric and the stapedius. visceral motor - lacrimal, submandibular, sublingual and minor salivary glands general sensory - portion of pharynx and small area around ear special sensory - taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue | internal acoustic meatus stylomastoid foramen petrotympanic fissure (as chorda tympani) hiatus of the greater petrosal nerve (as greater petrosal) foramen lacerum (as greater petrosal) | greater petrosal chorda tympani muscular branches (temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular, cervical) |
| VIII - Vestibulocochlear, Statoacoustic, Acoustic | special sensory – hearing and equilibrium | internal acoustic meatus | vestibular cochlear |
| IX - Glossopharyngeal | somatic motor - stylopharyngeus muscle visceral motor - parotid salivary gland general sensory - posterior 1/3rd of tongue, portions of both the pharynx and larynx and to some skin around the ear special sensory - taste to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue | jugular foramen | tympanic |
| X- Vagus | somatic motor - all palatal muscles except the tensor veli palatini, all muscles of the pharynx except the stylopharygeus, laryngeal muscles visceral motor - thoracic and abdominal viscera except the distal 1/3rd of the colon general sensory - a small area around ear special sensory - taste from the taste buds of the pharynx | jugular foramen | superior laryngeal laryngeal recurrent laryngeal |
| XI - Spinal Accessory | somatic motor - trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles | jugular foramen | none |
| XII - Hypoglossal | somatic motor - intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue except the palatoglossus | hypoglossal canal | none |
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