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Periodontal Screening and Recording: Its Use When Detecting Periodontal Disease

Course Number: 617

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References / Additional Resources

  1. Periodontitis. American Dental Association. Accessed June 29, 2026.

  2. Covington LL, Breault LG, Hokett SD. The application of Periodontal Screening and Recording (PSR) in a military population. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2003;4(3):36‐51. Published 2003 Aug 15.

  3. Hodges KO. Concepts in nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Albany, NY. Delmar Publishers. 1998.

  4. Khocht A, Zohn H, Deasy M, Chang KM. Screening for periodontal disease: radiographs vs. PSR. J Am Dent Assoc. 1996;127(6):749‐756. doi:10.14219/jada.archive.1996.0310.

  5. Landry RG, Jean M. Periodontal Screening and Recording (PSR) Index: precursors, utility and limitations in a clinical setting. Int Dent J. 2002;52(1):35‐40. doi:10.1111/j.1875-595x.2002.tb00595.x.

  6. Weinberg MA. Comprehensive periodontics for the dental hygienist. Upper Saddle River, NJ. Prentice Hall. 2001.

  7. Weinberg MA, Fine JB. Comprehensive periodontics for the dental hygienist. Upper Saddle River, NJ. Pearson Education. 2010.

  8. Wood N, Johnson RB. The relationship between smoking history, periodontal screening and recording (PSR) codes and overweight/obesity in a Mississippi dental school population. Oral Health Prev Dent. 2008;6(1):67‐74.

  9. CDC. About Periodontal (Gum) Disease. Accessed June 29, 2026

  10. Eke PI, Borgnakke WS, Genco RJ. Recent epidemiologic trends in periodontitis in the USA. Periodontol 2000. 2020;82:257–267.

  11. American Academy of Periodontology. Accessed June 29, 2026

  12. Jorgensen GH, Arnlaugsson S, Theodors A, Ludviksson BR. Immunoglobulin A deficiency and oral health status: a case-control study. J Clin Periodontol. 2010;37(1):1‐8. doi:10.1111/j.1600-051X.2009.01494.x.

  13. Rams TE, Loesche WJ. Relationship Between Periodontal Screening and Recording Index Scores and Need for Periodontal Access Surgery. J Periodontol. 2017;88(10):1042‐1050. doi:10.1902/jop.2017.170070.

  14. Gehrig JS, Shin DE, Willmann DE. Foundations of periodontics for the dental hygienist. Philadelphia, PA. Wolters Kluwer. 2019.

  15. Caton JG, Armitage G, Berglundh T, et al. A new classification scheme for periodontal and peri-implant diseases and conditions - Introduction and key changes from the 1999 classification. J Periodontol. 2018;89 Suppl 1:S1‐S8. doi:10.1002/JPER.18-0157.

  16. Muhammad Nazir, Asim Al-Ansari, Khalifa Al-Khalifa, Muhanad Alhareky, Balgis Gaffar, Khalid Almas, "Global Prevalence of Periodontal Disease and Lack of Its Surveillance", The Scientific World Journal, vol. 2020, Article ID 2146160, 8 pages, 2020.

  17. Staging and Grading Periodontitis. American Academy of Periodontology. Accessed on June 29, 2026

  18. Pieren, Jennifer; Gadbury-Amyot, Cynthia. Darby and Walsh Dental Hygiene Theory and Practice 6th ed. Elsevier – Evolve. 2025

  19. Arbuckle, PJ; Beltran, T; Reifenstahl, E. Identifying Risk Factors for Dental Emergency Visits in the US Army. Military Medicine. Vol. 189; September/October 2024.

  20. Tinajero M, Acosta A, Jaramillo S, Pantoja E, Masson-Palacios MJ. Accuracy of PSR (Periodontal Screening and Recording) for the detection of periodontal diseases: a scoping review and practical guide. Rev Odontol UNESP. 2025;54:e20250027.

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