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Caries Process, Prevention and Management: Intervention

Course Number: 718

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References / Additional Resources

  1. Fejerskov O, Nyvad B, Kidd EAM, eds. Dental Caries: The Disease and its Clinical Management, 3rd ed. Oxford, United Kingdom. Wiley/Blackwell. 2015.

  2. Black GV, McKay FS. Mottled enamel. An endemic developmental imperfection of the teeth, heretofore unknown in the literature of dentistry. II. An investigation of mottled teeth. Dental Cosmos. 1916;58:129-56.

  3. Ainsworth NJ. Mottled Teeth. Br Dent J. 1933;55:233-50.

  4. McKay FS. Mottled teeth: the prevention of its further production through a change in the water supply at Oakley, Idaho. J Am Dent Assoc. 1933;20:1137-49.

  5. Kempf GA, McKay FS. Mottled enamel in a segregated population. Public Health Rep. 1930;45:2923-40.

  6. Churchill HV. The occurrence of fluorides in some waters of the United States. J Dent Res. 1932;12(1):141-8.

  7. Dean HT, Jay P, Arnold FA, et al. Domestic water and dental caries, including certain epidemiological aspects of oral L. acidophilus. Public Health Rep. 1939;54:862-88.

  8. Dean HT, Jay P, Arnold FA, et al. Domestic water and dental caries. II. A study of 2832 white children, aged 12-14 years, of eight suburban Chicago communities, including Lactobacillicus acidophilus studies of 1761 children. Public Health Rep. 1941;56:761-92.

  9. Dean HT, Jay P, Arnold FA, et al. Domestic water and dental caries. V. Additional studies of the relation of fluoride domestic waters to dental caries experience in 4425 white children, aged 12-14 years, of 13 cities in 4 states. Public Health Rep. 1942;57:1151-79.

  10. J.J. Murray, A.J. Rugg-Gunn, G.N. Jenkins (Eds.), Fluorides in Caries Prevention, ed 3, Wright, Oxford, 1991, pp. 295–323.

  11. Baron S. ed. Medical Microbiology. 4th. Galveston, Texas: University of Texas Medical Branch;1996.

  12. Den Besten P, Faller R, Nakano Y. Dental fluorosis, fluoride and remineralizing agents. In: Goldberg M, ed. Understanding Dental Caries – From Pathogenesis to Prevention and Therapy. Springer Switzerland; 2016. Accessed August 1, 2017.

  13. Murray JJ, Rugg AJ, Jenkins GN. Fluorides in Caries Prevention, 3rd ed. Oxford, United Kingdom. Wright. 1991.

  14. ten Cate JM. Contemporary perspective on the use of fluoride products in caries prevention. Br Dent J. 2013 Feb;214(4):161-7. doi: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2013.162. PMID: 23429124.

  15. Marthaler TM, Steiner M, Menghini JE, et al. Caries prevalence in schoolchildren in the canton of Zurich, The results in the period of 1963 to 1987. Schweiz Monatsschr Zahnmed. 1988;98(12):1309-15.

  16. Jones S, Burt BA, Petersen PE, et al. The effective use of fluorides in public health. Bull World Health Organ. 2005 Sep;83(9):670-6. Epub 2005 Sep 30.

  17. Stephen KW, Banockzy J, Pahkamov GN. Milk Fluoridation for the Prevention of Dental Caries. Geneva: World Health Organization/Borrow Milk Foundation. 1996.

  18. Rozier RG, Adair S, Graham F, et al. Evidence-based clinical recommendations on the prescription of dietary fluoride supplements for caries prevention. J Am Dent Assoc. 2010 Dec;141(12):1480-9.

  19. B. Nyvad, O. Fejerskov, Active root surface caries converted into inactive caries as a response to oral hygiene, Scand. J. Dent. Res. 94 (3) (1986) 281–284.

  20. Pessan JP, Toumba KJ, Buzalaf MAR. Topical use of fluorides for caries control. Monogr Oral Sci. 2011;22:115-132. doi:10.1159/000325154

  21. Stephen KW, Creanor SL, Russell JI, et al. A 3-year oral health dose-response study of sodium monofluorophosphate dentifrices with and without zinc citrate: anti-caries results. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1988 Dec;16(6):321-5.

  22. Ekstrand KR, Poulsen JE, Hede B, Twetman S, Qvist V, Ellwood RP. A randomized clinical trial of the anti-caries efficacy of 5,000 compared to 1,450 ppm fluoridated toothpaste on root caries lesions in elderly disabled nursing home residents. Caries Res. 2013;47(5):391-398. doi:10.1159/000348581

  23. León S, González K, Hugo FN, Gambetta-Tessini K, Giacaman RA. High fluoride dentifrice for preventing and arresting root caries in community-dwelling older adults: A randomized controlled clinical trial. J Dent. 2019;86:110-117. doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2019.06.002

  24. Baysan A, Lynch E, Ellwood R, et al. Reversal of primary root caries using dentifrices containing 5000 and 11000 ppm fluoride. Caries Res. 2001 Jan-Feb;35(1):41-6.

  25. Buzalaf MAR, Pessan JP, Honório HM, Ten Cate JM. Mechanisms of action of fluoride for caries control. Monogr Oral Sci. 2011;22:97-114. doi:10.1159/000325151

  26. Wierichs RJ, Meyer-Lueckel H. Systematic review on noninvasive treatment of root caries lesions. J Dent Res. 2015;94(2):261-271. doi:10.1177/0022034514557330

  27. Ashley PF, Attrill DC, Ellwood RP, et al. Toothbrushing habits and caries experience. Caries Res. 1999 Sep-Oct;33(5):401-2.

  28. Walker A, Gregory J, Bradnock G, et al. National Diet and Nutrition Survey: young people aged 4-18 years, Vol. 2; Report of the Oral Health Survey 2000. London: The Stationery Office; 2000. Accessed August 1, 2017.

  29. Cury JA, Tenuta LM. How to maintain a cariostatic fluoride concentration in the oral environment. Adv Dent Res. 2008;20(1):13-16. Published 2008 Jul 1. doi:10.1177/154407370802000104

  30. Cury JA, Oliveira MJ, Martins CC, Tenuta LM, Paiva SM. Available fluoride in toothpastes used by Brazilian children. Braz Dent J. 2010;21(5):396-400. doi:10.1590/s0103-64402010000500003

  31. van Loveren C, Moorer WR, Buijs MJ, van Palenstein Helderman WH. Total and free fluoride in toothpastes from some non-established market economy countries. Caries Res. 2005;39(3):224-230. doi:10.1159/000084802

  32. Conde NC, Rebelo MA, Cury JA. Evaluation of the fluoride stability of dentifrices sold in Manaus, AM, Brazil. Pesqui Odontol Bras. 2003;17(3):247-253. doi:10.1590/s1517-74912003000300009

  33. Ripa LW. A critique of topical fluoride methods (dentifrices, mouthrinses, operator-, and self-applied gels) in an era of decreased caries and increased fluorosis prevalence. J Public Health Dent. 1991 Winter;51(1):23-41.

  34. Helfenstein U, Steiner M. Fluoride varnishes (Duraphat): a meta-analysis. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1994 Feb;22(1):1-5.

  35. Pacheco-Quito EM, Avila-Cunalata D, Cuenca-León K. Cariostatic Agents: From Silver Diamine Fluoride to Emerging Bioactive Compounds. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent. 2025;17:237-257. Published 2025 Jun 3. doi:10.2147/CCIDE.S502433

  36. Juárez-López MLA, Marín-Miranda M, Palma-Pardínes R, Retana-Ugalde R. The Effectiveness of Remineralization with Compound Silver Nanoparticles and Fluoride Varnish in Carious Lesions in Primary Teeth: A Randomized Split-Mouth Clinical Trial. Dent J (Basel). 2024;12(10):318. Published 2024 Sep 30. doi:10.3390/dj12100318

  37. Hoyos JU, Pérez EP, Cobos MR, Barreto AV. Características de las soluciones de clorhexidina al 2% y al 0,2% en preparaciones cavitarias en odontología: una revisión. Duazary. 2018;15(2):181–194. doi:10.21676/2389783X.2103

  38. Lipták L, Bársony N, Twetman S, Madléna M. The effect of a chlorhexidine-fluoride varnish on mutans streptococci counts and laser fluorescence readings in occlusal fissures of permanent teeth: A split-mouth study. Quintessence Int. 2016;47(9):767-773. doi:10.3290/j.qi.a36327

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