Signs of Elder Maltreatment

In general, an elder may exhibit some signs that could signal that any type of maltreatment may be occurring. Consider changes in the demeanor of the patient, along with outward signs of abuse, including but not limited to:^26,31

• sudden change in behavior such as acting violent or agitated;

• withdrawn, passive behavior;

• usual physical signs of abuse, such as bruising, burns, scarring, or unexplained pressure marks,

• unsafe living conditions,

• neglect of wearing clean clothes, being bathed, and poor dental hygiene,

• depression, agitation, anxiety; or

• a self-report of being abused, confined or isolated, or having someone inappropriately controlling their finances.

Health Consequences²⁶

• UTIs and STIs

• Frequent falls

• Cardiovascular disease

• Premature mortality

Note that these changes can also be associated with other medical issues as well, so it is essential to take a comprehensive medical history. As a dental clinician, it is necessary to be able to discern normal aging processes from signs of elder abuse as well.