DentalCare Logo

CE715 - Caries Process, Prevention and Management: Diagnosis

Course Number: 715

PDF

References / Additional Resources

  1. Nyvad B. Diagnosis versus detection of caries. Caries Res 2004;38(3):192–8. doi: 10.1159/000077754

  2. Macey R, Walsh T, Riley P, et al. Electrical conductance for the detection of dental caries. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021;3 (3):CD014547. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD014547.

  3. Amaechi BT. Remineralization therapies for initial caries lesions. Curr Oral Health Rep 2015;2(2):95–101. doi: 10.1007/ s40496-015-0048-9. 9.

  4. Yu OY, Lam WY, Wong AW, Duangthip D, Chu CH. Nonrestorative management of dental caries. Dent J (Basel) 2021;9 (10):121. doi: 10.3390/dj9100121.

  5. Cheng L, Zhang L, Yue L, Ling J, Fan M, Yang D, et al. Expert consensus on dental caries management. Int J Oral Sci 2022;14(1):17. doi: 10.1038/s41368-022-00167-3. 11.

  6. Mackenzie L, Banerjee A. Minimally invasive direct restorations: a practical guide. Br Dent J 2017;223(3):163–71. doi: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2017.661.

  7. Stookey GK, Jackson RD, Zandona AG, Analoui M. Dental caries diagnosis. Dent Clin North Am 1999;43(4):665–77.

  8. Abdelaziz, M. Detection, Diagnosis, and Monitoring of Early Caries: The Future of Individualized Dental Care. Diagnostics 2023, 13, 3649. https://doi.org/10.3390/ diagnostics13243649

  9. Ekstrand, K.; Qvist, V.; Thylstrup, A. Light microscope study of the effect of probing in occlusal surfaces. Caries Res. 1987, 21, 368–374. [CrossRef]

  10. Boston, D.W.; Jefferies, S.R. Physical effects of non-cavitated explorer probing on enamel smooth-surface carious lesions. Am. J. Dent. 2015, 28, 183–189. [PubMed]

  11. Fejerskov, O.; Nyvad, B.; Kidd, E.A.M. Dental Caries the Disease and Its Clinical Management; Wiley-Blackwell: Chichester, UK; Ames, IA, USA, 2015.

  12. Ismail AI. Clinical diagnosis of precavitated carious lesions. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1997;25(1):13-23. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1997.tb00895.x.

  13. Pitts, N. B., Ismail, A. I., Martignon, S., Ekstrand, K., Douglas, G. V. A., Longbottom, C., Deery, C., Ellwood, R., Gomez, J., Kolker, J., Manton, D., McGrady, M., Rechmann, P., Ricketts, D., Thompson, V., Twetman, S., Weyant, R., Zandona, A. F., & Zero, D. (2014). ICCMS™ Guide for Practitioners and Educators. ICDAS Foundation. https://www.iccms-web.com/uploads/asset/59284654c0a6f822230100.pdf

  14. Tsang P, Qi F, Shi W. Medical approach to dental caries: fight the disease, not the lesion. Pediatr Dent. 2006;28(2):188-198.

  15. Pitts NB, Zero DT, Marsh PD, et al. Dental caries. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2017;3:17030. Published 2017 May 25. doi:10.1038/nrdp.2017.30.

  16. Pitts NB, Stamm JW: International Consensus Workshop on Caries Clinical Trials (ICW-CCT)–final consensus statements: agreeing where the evidence leads. Journal of Dental Research 2004, 83(Spec No C):C125-128.

  17. Braga MM, Ekstrand KR, Martignon S, Imparato JC, Ricketts DN, Mendes FMJ: Clinical performance of two visual scoring systems in detecting and assessing activity status of occlusal caries in primary teeth. Caries research 2010, 44(3):300-308.

  18. Frenkel LM, Wagner LE 2nd, Atwood SM, Cummins TJ, Dewhurst S: Specific, sensitive, and rapid assay for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 pol mutations associated with resistance to zidovudine and didanosine. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 1995, 33(2):342-347

  19. Chesters RK, Pitts NB, Matuliene G, Kvedariene A, Huntington E, Bendinskaite R, Balciuniene I, Matheson JR, Nicholson JA, Gendvilyte A, et al: An abbreviated caries clinical trial design validated over 24 months. Journal of Dental Research 2002, 81(9):637-640.

  20. Wilkins EM. Clinical Practice of the Dental Hygienist, 12th ed. Philadelphia, PA. Wolters Kluwer; 2017.

  21. Pitts, N.B. Clinical diagnosis of dental caries: A European perspective. J. Dent. Educ. 2001, 65, 972–978. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

  22. Stookey, G. Should a dental explorer be used to probe suspected carious lesions? No—Use of an explorer can lead to misdiagnosis and disrupt remineralization. J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 2005, 136, 1527, 1529, 1531. [PubMed]

  23. Gordan, V.V.; Riley, J.L., 3rd; De Carvalho, R.M.; Snyder, J.; Sanderson, J.L., Jr.; Anderson, M.; Gilbert, G.H. Methods used by dental practice-based research network dentists to diagnose dental caries. Tex. Dent. J. 2013, 130, 321–332. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

  24. Ismail, A.I. Visual and visuo-tactile detection of dental caries. J. Dent. Res. 2004, 83, C56–C66. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

  25. Ando, M.; Eckert, G.J.; Zero, D.T. Preliminary study to establish a relationship between tactile sensation and surface roughness. Caries Res. 2010, 44, 24–28. [CrossRef]

  26. World Health Organization. Oral Health Surveys: Basic Methods, 5th ed. Geneva, Switzerland. WHO; 2013.

  27. Ismail AI, Pitts NB, Tellez M, et al. The International Caries Classification and Management System (ICCMS™) An Example of a Caries Management Pathway. BMC Oral Health. 2015;15 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S9. doi:10.1186/1472-6831-15-S1-S9.

  28. Ismail AI. Visual and visuo-tactile detection of dental caries. J Dent Res. 2004;83 Spec No C:C56-C66. doi:10.1177/154405910408301s12.

  29. Gugnani N, Pandit IK, Srivastava N, Gupta M, Sharma M. International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS): A New Concept. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2011;4(2):93-100. doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1089.

  30. Ekstrand KR, Kuzmina I, Bjørndal L, Thylstrup A. Relationship between external and histologic features of progressive stages of caries in the occlusal fossa. Caries Res. 1995;29(4):243-250. doi:10.1159/000262076.

  31. Ekstrand KR, Ricketts DN, Kidd EA. Reproducibility and accuracy of three methods for assessment of demineralization depth of the occlusal surface: an in vitro examination. Caries Res. 1997;31(3):224-231. doi:10.1159/000262404.

  32. Nyvad B, Machiulskiene V, Baelum V. Reliability of a new caries diagnostic system differentiating between active and inactive caries lesions. Caries Res. 1999;33(4):252-260. doi:10.1159/000016526.

  33. Pitts NB, Ekstrand KR; ICDAS Foundation. International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) and its International Caries Classification and Management System (ICCMS) - methods for staging of the caries process and enabling dentists to manage caries. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2013;41(1):e41-e52. doi:10.1111/cdoe.12025.

  34. Fejerskov O, Luan WM, Nyvad B, Budtz-Jørgensen E, Holm-Pedersen P. Active and inactive root surface caries lesions in a selected group of 60- to 80-year-old Danes. Caries Res. 1991;25(5):385-391. doi:10.1159/000261396.

  35. Mjör IA. Clinical diagnosis of recurrent caries. J Am Dent Assoc. 2005;136(10):1426-1433. doi:10.14219/jada.archive.2005.0057.

  36. Jenson L, Budenz AW, Featherstone JD, Ramos-Gomez FJ, Spolsky VW, Young DA. Clinical protocols for caries management by risk assessment. J Calif Dent Assoc. 2007;35(10):714-723.

  37. Machiulskiene V, Nyvad B, Baelum V. A comparison of clinical and radiographic caries diagnoses in posterior teeth of 12-year-old Lithuanian children. Caries Res. 1999;33(5):340-348. doi:10.1159/000016532.

  38. Machiulskiene V, Nyvad B, Baelum V. Comparison of diagnostic yields of clinical and radiographic caries examinations in children of different age. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2004;5(3):157-162.

  39. Wenzel, A. Radiographic display of carious lesions and cavitation in approximal surfaces: Advantages and drawbacks of conventional and advanced modalities. Acta Odontol. Scand. 2014, 72, 251–264. [CrossRef] [PubMed]

  40. Wenzel A. Digital radiography and caries diagnosis. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 1998;27(1):3-11. doi:10.1038/sj.dmfr.4600321.

  41. Benavides, Erika et al. Optimizing radiation safety in dentistry. The Journal of the American Dental Association, Volume 155, Issue 4, 280 - 293.e4

  42. American Dental Association Council on Scientific Affairs, US Food and Drug Administration. Dental Radiographic Examinations: Recommendations for Patient Selection and Limiting Radiation Exposure. US Food and Drug Administration; 2012.

  43. Benavides E, Krecioch JR, Connolly RT, et al. Optimizing radiation safety in dentistry: Clinical recommendations and regulatory considerations. J Am Dent Assoc. 2024 Apr;155(4):280-293.e4.

  44. Pauwels, R. Cone beam CT for dental and maxillofacial imaging: dose matters Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2015; 165:156-161

  45. Metsala, E. ∙ Henner, A. ∙ Ekholm, M. Quality assurance in digital dental imaging: a systematic review. Acta Odontol Scand. 2014; 72:362-371.

  46. Johnson, K.B. ∙ Ludlow, J.B. ∙ Mauriello, S.M. Reducing the risk of intraoral radiographic imaging with collimation and thyroid shielding. Gen Dent. 2014; 62:34-40

  47. Recommendations of the ICRP. Publication 26. Ann ICRP. 1977; 1:1-53

  48. Jaju, P.P. ∙ Jaju, S.P. Cone-beam computed tomography: time to move from ALARA to ALADA. Imaging Sci Dent. 2015; 45:263-265

  49. Shwartz M, Pliskin JS, Gröndahl H, Boffa J. The frequency of bitewing radiographs. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1986;61(3):300-305. doi:10.1016/0030-4220(86)90379-8.

  50. Lith A, Gröndahl HG. Intervals between bitewing examinations in young patients when applying a radiologic algorithm. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1992;20(4):181-186. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1992.tb01712.x.

  51. Mejàre I. Bitewing examination to detect caries in children and adolescents--when and how often?. Dent Update. 2005;32(10):588-597. doi:10.12968/denu.2005.32.10.588.

  52. Teo TK, Ashley PF, Louca C. An in vivo and in vitro investigation of the use of ICDAS, DIAGNOdent pen and CarieScan PRO for the detection and assessment of occlusal caries

  53. Sasidharan S, Meeral P R. Recent advances in dental caries diagnosis.Int J Community Dent 2021;9:62-65

  54. Wang R. Edge detection using convolutional neural network. In: Cheng L, Liu Q, Ronzhin A, editors. Advances in Neural Networks – ISNN 2016: 13th International Symposium on Neural Networks, ISNN 2016, St. Petersburg, Russia, July 6–8, 2016, Proceedings. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2016. p. 12-20.

  55. He K, Zhang X, Ren S, Sun J. Deep residual learning for image recognition. arXiv 2015.

  56. Sabour S, Frosst N, Hinton GE. Dynamic routing between capsules. arXiv 2017

  57. Fejerskov O. Concepts of dental caries and their consequences for understanding the disease. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1997;25(1):5-12. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0528.1997.tb00894.x.

  58. Pierce KM, Rozier RG, Vann WF Jr. Accuracy of pediatric primary care providers' screening and referral for early childhood caries. Pediatrics. 2002;109(5):. doi:10.1542/peds.109.5.e82.

  59. Okah A, Williams K, Talib N, Mann K. Promoting Oral Health in Childhood: A Quality Improvement Project. Pediatrics. 2018;141(6):e20172396. doi:10.1542/peds.2017-2396.

Additional Resources


  • No Additional Resources Available

0/28Next