Infection is the invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues resulting in local cellular injury as a consequence of competitive metabolism, toxin production, and immune-mediated reactions. The “chain of infection,” the transmission of infectious agents in healthcare settings requires three elements: (1) a source or reservoir of infectious agents, (2) a susceptible host with a portal of entry receptive of the agent, and (3) a mode of transmission for the agent.1,2
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