Gastrointestinal (GI)

Recent studies reviewing the impact of ingesting nicotine can negatively impact the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Swallowing ONP’s pose serious health risks. If nicotine is swallowed the production of stomach acid is increased, which can stimulate heartburn and create ulcers, in conjunction with stress and an unhealthy diet.²⁹ Additional symptoms that can develop consist of an upset stomach, inflamed gut, nauseated discomfort due to the disruption of gut motility, abdominal pain, vomiting, loss of appetite, malaise, fever or chills, and possible headaches. In reference to gut motility, interference with regular movement of food passing through the digestive tract could lead to diarrhea or the opposite constipation.²⁹

Lack of cognitive development in the adolescent brain increasing the addictive effects influence unfavorable impacts on the gastrointestinal (GI) system.^13,14 The level of severity of the GI symptoms are affected by the frequent usage of nicotine. ONPs in conjunction with E-cigarette usage heighten the increase of potential GI symptoms from risk of swallowing. Prevention and education are key factors to help combat these concerns, as evidence has linked gastrointestinal (GI) complications in adolescents, further research is needed to evaluate its long-term effects on gut health.²⁹