Conclusion

Demineralization and remineralization represent a continuous and dynamic cycle of mineral loss and repair affecting the hard tissues of the tooth. These are not distinct processes; rather, both occur simultaneously on the tooth surface throughout the day. The net outcome - whether a lesion progresses or is halted - depends on several key factors in the oral environment, including the frequency of sucrose exposure, the composition and activity of dental plaque, the availability and composition of saliva, and the presence of protective agents like fluoride. When conditions favor remineralization, such as infrequent sugar intake, good salivary flow, and exposure to fluoride, lost minerals can be redeposited, helping to halt or reverse early caries development. Conversely, frequent acid challenges and compromised salivary function tip the balance toward demineralization, increasing the risk of caries progression.

The primary objective in dental practice is to support and maintain an oral environment that minimizes demineralization while promoting effective remineralization. Doing so not only prevents the initiation of carious lesions but also preserves tooth structure and promotes long-term oral health.