Glossary

risk - The probability or likelihood that a specific event will occur. In the context of oral health, teeth erupt caries-free, but from the moment of eruption onward, they are at risk of developing dental caries. This risk is influenced by the presence or absence of risk factors - those that promote or protect against disease development.

risk assessment – A qualitative or quantitative evaluation of the likelihood that a patient will develop dental caries based on a combination of clinical findings, biological and behavioral risk factors, and protective factors. Risk assessment is a foundational component of personalized caries management strategies such as CAMBRA (Caries Management by Risk Assessment) and is widely recognized in clinical practice and by dental insurers.

risk factor – Any biological, behavioral, environmental, or social condition that increases or decreases the probability of developing disease. Behavioral/ frequency of sugar intake, oral hygiene practices, fluoride exposure. Biological factors include saliva quality and flow and past caries experience. Social factors include access to care and socio-economic status.

risk survey – A structured assessment tool or questionnaire used to gather specific information about an individual’s caries-related risk and protective factors. It helps the dental professional systematically determine a patient's caries risk level and guide personalized prevention and treatment planning.