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Digital Systems

Radiographic Film

Intraoral Survey Organization

Radiolucent vs. Radiopaque

General Anatomy of the Maxilla and Mandible

Maxillary Anterior Landmarks

Maxillary Posterior Landmarks

Summary of Maxillary Landmarks

Maxillary Anatomical Landmarks

Mandibular Anterior Landmarks

Mandibular Posterior Landmarks

Summary of Mandibular Landmarks

Mandibular Anatomical Landmarks

Bitewing Surveys

Full Mouth Surveys

Review of Landmarks on Surveys

Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy

Summary

References / Additional Resources

table

__Table 1. Summary of Maxillary Radiographic Landmarks.__<table >
 <tbody>
 <tr>
 <th >Landmark</th>
 <th >Brief Description</th>
 <th >Radiolucent&nbsp;/ Radiopaque</th>
 <th >Periaplical</th>
 <th >Bilateral&nbsp;/ Unilateral</th>
 <th >Alternate Name</th>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Anterior Nasal Spine</td>
 <td>Triangular Point</td>
 <td>Radiopaque</td>
 <td>Central Incisor</td>
 <td>Unilateral</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Coronoid Process</td>
 <td>Triangular</td>
 <td>Radiopaque</td>
 <td>Molar</td>
 <td>Bilateral</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Hamular Process</td>
 <td>Finger-like</td>
 <td>Radiopaque</td>
 <td>Molar</td>
 <td>Bilateral</td>
 <td>Pterygoid Hamulus</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Incisive Foramen</td>
 <td>Round/Oval</td>
 <td>Radiolucent</td>
 <td>Central Incisor</td>
 <td>Unilateral</td>
 <td>Nasopalatine Foramen</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Inferior Nasal Concha</td>
 <td>Round/Oval</td>
 <td>Radiopaque</td>
 <td>Central Incisor</td>
 <td>Bilateral</td>
 <td>Inferior Nasal Turbinate</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Inverted Y</td>
 <td>Upside-down Y</td>
 <td>Radiopaque</td>
 <td>Lateral Incisor Canine</td>
 <td>Bilateral</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Lateral Fossa</td>
 <td>Diffuse</td>
 <td>Radiolucent</td>
 <td>Lateral Incisor</td>
 <td>Bilateral</td>
 <td>Canine Fossa</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Maxillary Sinus</td>
 <td>Horizontally Oblong</td>
 <td>Radiolucent</td>
 <td>Premolar&nbsp;/ Molar</td>
 <td>Bilateral</td>
 <td>Maxillary Antrum</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Maxillary Tuberosity</td>
 <td>Rounded</td>
 <td>Radiopaque</td>
 <td>Molar</td>
 <td>Bilateral</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Mid-palatine Suture</td>
 <td>Vertical line</td>
 <td>Radiolucent</td>
 <td>Central Incisor</td>
 <td>Unilateral</td>
 <td>Median Palatal Suture</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Nasal Fossa</td>
 <td>Vertically Oblong</td>
 <td>Radiolucent</td>
 <td>Central Incisor 
 Lateral Incisor 
 Canine</td>
 <td>Bilateral</td>
 <td>Nasal Cavity</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Nasal Septum</td>
 <td>Vertical Band</td>
 <td>Radiopaque</td>
 <td>Central Incisor</td>
 <td>Unilateral</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Pterygoid Plates</td>
 <td>Wing of Bone</td>
 <td>Radiopaque</td>
 <td>Molar</td>
 <td>Bilateral</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Zygomatic Bone</td>
 <td>Quadrangular-shaped</td>
 <td>Radiopaque</td>
 <td>Premolar&nbsp;/ Molar</td>
 <td>Bilateral</td>
 <td>Malar Bone</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Zygomatic Process</td>
 <td>U-shaped</td>
 <td>Radiopaque</td>
 <td>Premolar&nbsp;/ Molar</td>
 <td>Bilateral</td>
 <td>Malar Process</td>
 </tr>
 </tbody>
</table>

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Summary of Maxillary Landmarks - Intraoral Radiographic Anatomy - Dentalcare

Landmark	Brief Description	Radiolucent / Radiopaque	Periaplical	Bilateral / Unilateral	Alternate Name
Anterior Nasal Spine	Triangular Point	Radiopaque	Central Incisor	Unilateral
Coronoid Process	Triangular	Radiopaque	Molar	Bilateral
Hamular Process	Finger-like	Radiopaque	Molar	Bilateral	Pterygoid Hamulus
Incisive Foramen	Round/Oval	Radiolucent	Central Incisor	Unilateral	Nasopalatine Foramen
Inferior Nasal Concha	Round/Oval	Radiopaque	Central Incisor	Bilateral	Inferior Nasal Turbinate
Inverted Y	Upside-down Y	Radiopaque	Lateral Incisor Canine	Bilateral
Lateral Fossa	Diffuse	Radiolucent	Lateral Incisor	Bilateral	Canine Fossa
Maxillary Sinus	Horizontally Oblong	Radiolucent	Premolar / Molar	Bilateral	Maxillary Antrum
Maxillary Tuberosity	Rounded	Radiopaque	Molar	Bilateral
Mid-palatine Suture	Vertical line	Radiolucent	Central Incisor	Unilateral	Median Palatal Suture
Nasal Fossa	Vertically Oblong	Radiolucent	Central Incisor Lateral Incisor Canine	Bilateral	Nasal Cavity
Nasal Septum	Vertical Band	Radiopaque	Central Incisor	Unilateral
Pterygoid Plates	Wing of Bone	Radiopaque	Molar	Bilateral
Zygomatic Bone	Quadrangular-shaped	Radiopaque	Premolar / Molar	Bilateral	Malar Bone
Zygomatic Process	U-shaped	Radiopaque	Premolar / Molar	Bilateral	Malar Process