| Class | Generic Name | Brand Name | Mechanisms of Action |
|---|
| Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) | abacavir (ABC)
emtricitabine (FTC)
lamivudine (3TC)
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)
zidovudine (azidothymidine, AZT, ZDV)
Tenofovir alafenamide (tenofovir, AF, TAF) | Ziagen
Emtriva
Epivir
Viread
Retrovir
Vemlidy
| Mimic deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, the natural substrate for reverse transcriptase – they become incorporated into the growing DNA chain, terminate elongation and decrease or prevent HIV replication |
| Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) | doravirine (DOR)
etravirine (ETR)
rilpivirine (rilpivirine hydrochloride, RPV (RPV) | Pifeltro
Intelence
Edurant/Edurant PED (Pediatric dose)
| Bind near the catalytic site of reverse transcriptase and inhibit a crucial step in the transcription of the RNA genome into double-stranded retroviral DNA |
| Protease inhibitors (PIs) | atazanavir (atazanavir sulfate, ATV)
darunavir (daranavir ethanolate,DRV)
ritonavir (RTV)
tipranavir (TPV) | Reyataz
Prezista
Norvir
Aptivus
| Prevent cleavage of viral proteins during assembly and maturation – a process essential for the newly formed virus to become infectious |
| Fusion inhibitors | Enfuvirtide (T-20) | Fuzeon | An anti-HIV peptide structurally similar to a segment of the HIV protein (gp 41) – blocks membrane fusion |
| CCR5 antagonists | maravoric (MVC) | Selzentry | Blocks CCR5, one of the two major co-receptors used by HIV-1 to attach to host cells |
| Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTI) | cabotegravir (cabotegravir sodium, CAB)
dolutegravir (dolutegravir sodium, DTG)
raltegravir (raltegravir potassium, RAL)
| Abretude (Prevention injection) Vocabria (tablet)
Tivicay
Tivicay PD (pediatric dose)
Isentress
Isentress HD (high dose)
| Blocks HIV-1 integrase – prevents viral DNA from integrating with host cell DNA |
| Attachment inhibitors | Fostemsavir (fostemasavir tromethamine, FTR)
| Rukobia
| Bind to the gp120 protein on the outer surface of HIV, preventing HIV from entering CD4 cells |
| Post-attachment inhibitors | ibalizumab-uiyk
(TMB-355IBA, Hu5A8, TNX-355)
| Trogarzo (injection)
| Blocks CD4 receptors on the surface of certain immune cells – preventing entry of HIV into cell |
| Capsid inhibitors | Lencapavir (LEN, GS-6207, GGS-HIV, GS-CA2, GS-CA1)
| Sunlenca (treatment injection) Yeztug (prevention injection)
| Interferes with the HIV capsid, a protein shell that protects HIV's genetic material and enzymes needed for replication |
| Pharmacokinetic enhancers | cobicistat (COBI)
| Tybost
| Inhibit the breakdown of ATV and DRV – enhancing efficacy |
