Conclusion

Nutrition plays a foundational role in both systemic and oral health, with a complex, bidirectional relationship that underscores the importance of dietary choices in clinical dental practice.⁴ Understanding the composition and function of macronutrients; carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, as well as micronutrients like vitamins, minerals and phytonutrients, are essential for promoting optimal oral health. The quality of carbohydrates, the balance between animal and plant proteins, and the types of fats consumed all influence inflammation, oral microbiome balance, and disease risk.

Emerging research on the oral microbiome, including the roles of prebiotics, probiotics, fiber, and fermentation, highlights the intricate connections between diet and microbial health. Nutrition trends such as the Mediterranean, DASH, and MIND diets, along with a personalized approach such as nutrigenomics and anti-inflammatory protocols offer promising strategies for disease prevention and management. While popular diets like keto, paleo, and carnivore have gained attention, their long-term impact on oral and systemic health requires careful consideration.

Nutritional factors are deeply embedded in the dental caries process and periodontal disease progression. Special populations including pediatric, geriatric, and individuals with feeding and eating disorders (FED) or diabetes mellitus (DM) require tailored nutrition guidance to support oral development, function, and disease prevention. Integrating nutritional screening and precision counseling into dental care, alongside interprofessional collaboration with a dietitian and community resources, empower providers to address border determinants of health.

Finally, recognizing and responding to food insecurity is critical in reducing oral health disparities. By identifying at-risk patients and fostering interdisciplinary partnership, oral health professionals can contribute meaningfully to improving both nutritional status and oral health outcomes across diverse populations.