Food for Thought: The Relationship Between Oral Health and Nutrition
Course Number: 583
Course Contents
Protein: Animal vs Plant : A Balanced Perspective
Proteins are found in muscle, bone, skin, hair, and all body tissues and are responsible for growth, maintenance, and repair. Protein is built from building blocks called amino acids, which is considered a complete protein. Since our bodies cannot synthesize complete proteins, they must be obtained by the foods we eat.31
Animal proteins are considered complete proteins because they contain all nine essential amino acids in optimal ratio for human health. They are also highly bioavailable, being easier for the body to digest and absorb- and are rich in key nutrients like vitamin B12, heme iron, zinc, and omega-3 fatty acids (especially from fatty fish). However, red, and processed meats contain higher levels of saturated fat and cholesterol, which are linked to heart disease and certain cancers. Additionally, animal-based foods have a greater environmental impact compared to plant-based alternatives.31
Plant proteins, on the other hand, are often incomplete. mostly lacking one or more essential amino acids, with the exception of quinoa, soy, and buckwheat, which provide complete profiles. Despite this, plant protein offers significant health benefits, supporting gut health, reducing inflammation, and are associated with a lower the risk of chronic diseases. Foods like vegetables, legumes, nuts and seeds and whole grains also provide fiber and antioxidants, which are absent in animal products.31
Figure 3. Vegan Protein29
A balanced approach that includes both plant and animal protein, especially lean sources like fish and poultry, can offer the best of both worlds. This strategy ensures a complete amino acid profile while also incorporating fiber, phytonutrients and a wide range of essential vitamins and minerals.
Protein Deficiency
Protein is essential for the synthesis of all body tissues; therefore, a deficiency can compromise the structural integrity, including that of the maxilla, mandible, and oral mucosa.4 Individuals living in poverty or developing countries, particularly children and the elderly pose the greatest risk of protein deficiency.4