Oral Microbiome and Prebiotics & Probiotics

Over the past decade research has revealed a strong connection between gut microbiome and both physical and mental health. Diets high in added sugars and ultra-processed foods can disrupt the balance of gut bacteria, leading to inflammation and gut dysbiosis. This imbalance has been linked to a range of issues, including autoimmune diseases, food intolerances, fatigue, sleep disturbances, gastrointestinal symptoms, anxiety, and depression.⁸ To support a healthy gut microbiome, include both prebiotics and probiotic rich foods that contain beneficial bacteria like lactobacillus and bifidobacterium, which help maintain gut integrity and support immune function. A diversified, fiber rich diet including fermented foods supports beneficial bacteria in both the mouth and gut.⁹ Below are good sources of symbiotic foods to support gut health.⁹

Figure 5. Benefits of Prebiotics and Probiotics

Figure 5. Benefits of Prebiotics and Probiotics

Image Source: Generated by AI

Oral and gut microbiomes are closely interconnected through the oral-gut axis. Microbial translation occurs when microbes from the mouth travel and colonize in the gut, via salvia and swallowed food. In cases of dysbiosis, a microbial imbalance, oral pathogens can disrupt gut microbiome and contribute to inflammation and disease. This is also a bidirectional communication, where gut and oral microbiome communication and gut dysbiosis can affect oral tissues.⁸ Both microbiomes play a role in immune regulation, metabolism, and inflammation.

Disruption in one can potentially contribute to conditions like inflammatory bowel disease, cardiovascular disease, neurological disorders, and certain cancers. Diet, oral hygiene, medications and stress can influence both microbiomes. The figure below shows the effects of the imbalance of the oral microbiota on systemic health.⁸

Figure 6. Effects of imbalanced oral microbiota on systemic health.⁸

Figure 6. Effects of imbalanced oral microbiota on systemic health.⁸

Prebiotic and probiotics may positively influence oral health by balancing the oral microbiome, restoring balance, and reducing pathogenic species. Certain strains, such as Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Streptococcus salivarius have been shown to reduce levels of Streptococcus mutans and are major contributors of dental decay.⁸ While Streptococcus salvarius K12, typically introduced into the body by probiotic supplements, may reduce volatile sulfur compounds (VSC’s) which are responsible for halitosis.⁸