Summary

Occlusal forces over implant restorations should be evenly distributed to reduce the risk of implant overloading. Because natural teeth and implants respond differently to occlusal load, graded occlusal contacts are advisable when both are present. The goal is for implant restorations to achieve full contact only during firm intercuspation. At the same time, it is essential to establish proper functional contacts, as implant restorations in infraocclusion (even in firm intercuspation) are not acceptable.

The occlusal forces should be directed along the long axis of the implant, while lateral and oblique forces should be eliminated, as these generate harmful shear stresses at the bone-implant interface. Occlusal splints should be fabricated for patients with parafunctional habits or who are at risk of restoration complications due to occlusal overload.⁶⁵

Long-term success with implant restorations requires a structured follow-up and maintenance program. Recall visits should include evaluation of occlusal contacts, prosthesis stability, and peri-implant health, with adjustments performed as needed to accommodate progressive occlusal changes over time.